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The Dignity Crisis: Worth, Autonomy, and the Future of Care

Restoring Dignity to Behavioral Emergency Care in Hospital ERs

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References

References

  • Khullar, D. (2023, July 12). Reinventing the E.R. for America's mental-health crisis. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/reinventing-the-er-for-americas-mental-health-crisis
  • Stamy, C., Shane, D. M., Kannedy, L., Van Heukelom, P., Mohr, N. M., Tate, J., Montross, K., & Lee, S. (2021). Economic Evaluation of the Emergency Department After Implementation of an Emergency Psychiatric Assessment, Treatment, and Healing Unit. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 28(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14118
  • Kim, A. K., Vakkalanka, J. P., Van Heukelom, P., Tate, J., & Lee, S. (2022). Emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) unit decreases hospital admission for patients presenting with suicidal ideation in rural America. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 29(2), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14374
  • Jasinski, L. (2025, April 23). First emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing unit opens in Lexington, Kentucky. Psychiatric Times. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/first-emergency-psychiatric-assessment-treatment-and-healing-unit-opens-in-lexington-kentucky
  • Zeller, S., Calma, N., & Stone, A. (2014). Effects of a dedicated regional psychiatric emergency service on boarding of psychiatric patients in area emergency departments. The western journal of emergency medicine, 15(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2013.6.17848
  • Vardon, H., Grassie, J., Raman, R., & Zeller, S. (2026). Could the EmPATH model help redesign mental healthcare in UK emergency departments?. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, emermed-2025-215036. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2025-215036