References

• The Link Between Trauma, Mental Health, and Youth Violence Pineda, M., & Siennick, S. E. (2020). Childhood Trauma Exposure and Gun Violence Risk Factors among Victims of Gun Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(23-24), 5792–5811. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517726487 This article highlights that childhood trauma, such as exposure to domestic or community violence, is a significant antecedent risk factor for gun violence. The research found a strong association between early traumatic events and an increased likelihood of future gun violence involvement as both a victim and a perpetrator. The findings directly support the briefing's premise that addressing underlying trauma is essential for violence prevention.
• The Effectiveness of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) as an Alternative to Punitive Discipline Jain, S., & Bhaumik, M. (2023). School Discipline: A Focus on Social Emotional Learning. Strobel Education. Retrieved from https://strobeleducation.com/blog/school-discipline-a-focus-on-social-emotional-learning/ This source advocates for replacing punitive measures like suspensions with SEL-based practices. It details how incorporating SEL principles—such as self-awareness, self-management, and relationship skills—into disciplinary practices can lead to a significant decrease in suspension and expulsion rates. This supports the briefing's argument that restorative justice alternatives, which focus on teaching skills rather than simply punishing behavior, can improve student engagement and academic outcomes.
• The Need for and Impact of Continuity of Care Models Lynch, C. D., St. Amant, R. E., & LaFromboise, T. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Continuity-of-Care Model to Reduce Youth Suicidality. Hogrefe eContent. While focusing on suicidality, this study demonstrates the efficacy of a Continuity of Care model in improving mental health outcomes for youth. The findings show that a consistent, multi-pronged approach that links youth to services and provides case management can lead to a significant reduction in self-harm behaviors and hospital visits. The principles of this model—uninterrupted support and seamless integration of services—directly align with the briefing's proposed framework for violence interruption.