References

• Alexopoulos G, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al. Vascular depression hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997; 54(10):915-22.
• Alexopoulos G & Arean P. A model for streamlining psychotherapy in the RDoC era: the example of “Engage.” Mol Psychiatry. 2014; 19(1):14-19.
• Alexopoulos G, Raune PJ, Gunning F, et al. ”Engage” therapy: behavioral activation and improvement of late-life major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychatry. 2016; 24(4):320-26.
• Alexopoulos G. Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry. 2019; 9: 188
• Alexopoulos G, Raue P, Kiosses DN, et al. Comoparing engage with PST in late-life major depression: a preliminary report. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015; 23(5): 506-13.
• American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Arlington, VA. American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
• Andreescu C, Lenze EJ, Dew MA, et al. Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2007; 190:344-49.
• Andrews P & Taylor WD. (2023). Depressive disorders. In Steffens DC & Zdanys KF (Eds.) The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6th Edition. American Psychiatric Association Publishing: Washington, DC.
• Arean PA, Raue P, Mackin RS, et al: Problem-solving therapy and supportive therapy in older adults with major depression and executive dysfunction. Am J Psychiatry. 2010; 167(11):1391-98.
• Arean P, Hegel M, Vannoy S, et al. Effectiveness of problem-solving therapy for older, primary care patients with depression: results from the IMPACT project. Gerontologist. 2008; 48(3):311-23.
• Barefoot JC, Helms MJ, Mark DB, et al. Depression and long-term mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1996; 78(6): 613-17.​
• Barry LC, Abou JJ, Siemen AA, et al. Under-treatment of depression in older persons. J Affect Disord. 2012. 136(3):789-96.
• Beyer JL & Johnson KG. Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Late-Life Depression. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018; 20(5): 34.
• Bingham KS, Whyte EM, Meyers BS, et al. Relationship between cerebrovascular risk, cognition, and treatment outcome in late-life psychotic depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015. 23(12):1270-75.
• Black SA, Goodwin JS, Markides KS. The association between chronic diseases and depressive symptomatology in older Mexican Americans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998. 53(3):M188-M194.
• Blazer DG, Moody-Ayers S, Craft Morgan J, et al. Depression in diabetes and obesity: racial / ethnic / gender issues in older adults. J Psychosom Res. 2002; 53(4):913-16.
• Blazer DG, Hybels CF: Origins of depression in later life. Psychol Med. 2005; 35(9):1241-52.