References

• Acosta-Mares, P., Violante-Soria, V., Browne, T., Jr, & Cruz, S. L. (2023). Xylazine potentiates the lethal but not the rewarding effects of fentanyl in mice. Drug and alcohol dependence, 253, 110993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110993
• Schwarz, E. S., Buchanan, J., Aldy, K., Shulman, J., Krotulski, A., Walton, S., Logan, B., Wax, P., Campleman, S., Brent, J., Culbreth, R., Manini, A. F., & Toxicology Investigators Consortium Fentalog Study Group (2024). Notes from the Field: Detection of Medetomidine Among Patients Evaluated in Emergency Departments for Suspected Opioid Overdoses - Missouri, Colorado, and Pennsylvania, September 2020-December 2023. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 73(30), 672–674. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7330a3
• Sandhu, K. S., Kumar, S., Garg, K., et al. (2025). The xylazine-fentanyl nexus: A public health emergency. SAGE Open Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121251348068
• Durney, P., Kahoud, J. L., Warrick-Stone, T., Montesi, M., Carter, M., Butt, S., Mencia, A. M., Omoregie, L., Shah, M., Bloomfield, M., Tomasko, N., Jaffe, R., Herens, A., Korn, W. R., Alexander, K., Stickle, D., Goodstein, D., Weinstein, L. C., & London, K. S. (2025). Biochemical Identification and Clinical Description of Medetomidine Exposure in People Who Use Fentanyl in Philadelphia, PA. International journal of molecular sciences, 26(14), 6715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146715